People Management and Organisation Development The WritePass Journal

People Management and Organisation Development Executive Summary People Management and Organisation Development . Strategic Organisational Communication: In a Global Economy. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Cummings, T. and Worley, C., 2014. Organisation Development and Change. Belmont: Cengage Learning. Fairholm, M., 2009. Leadership and Organisational Strategy. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 14(1), pp.1-16. Freedman, A., 2011. Using Action Learning for Organisation Development and Change. OD Practitioner, 43(2), pp.7-13. Griffin, R. and Moorhead, G., 2009. Organisational Behavior: Managing People and Organisations. 9th ed. Belmont: Cengage Learning. Hashim, M., 2014. Organisational change: case study of GM (General Motors). Journal of Business Administration and Management Sciences Research, 3(1), pp.1-5. Hendrickson, S. and Gray, E., 2012. Legitimizing Resistance to Organisational Change: A Social Work Social Justice Perspective. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(5), pp.50-59. Griffith-Cooper, B. and King, K., 2007. The partnership between project management and organisational change: integrating change management with change leadership. Performance Improvement, 46(1), pp.14-20. Idris, K., Adekalu, S. and Genty, K., 2014. Organisation Development and Strategic Intervention for Enterprise Sustainability: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 16(11), pp.156-171. Kaplan, R. and Norton, D., 2001. Building a Strategy – Focused Organisation. Ivey Business Journal, May/June 2001. Available at http://iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/leadership/building-a-strategy-focused-organisation#.VGS9rWdqRIh [Accessed 12 November 2014]. Kotter, J. and Schlesinger, L., 2008. Choosing Strategies for Change. Harvard Business Review, July/ August 2008, pp.1-10. Lunenburg, F., 2010. Organisational Development: Implementing Planned Change. International Journal of Management, Business and Administration, 13(1), pp.1-9. Oswick, C., 2013. Reflections: OD or Not OD that is the Question! A Constructivists Thoughts on the Changing Nature of Change. Journal of Change Management, 13(4), pp.371-381. Maimunah, I., 2009. Corporate Social Responsibility and its role in community development: An international perspective. The Journal of International Social Research, 2(9), pp.200-209. Nordin, E., 2014. Communicating Organisational Change: Strategies for Communicating Change. The Clute Institute. International Academic Conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA, pp.135-145. Available at http://cluteinstitute.com/conference-proceedings/2014SAPapers/Article%20236.pdf. [Accessed 12 November 2014]. Pasmore, W., Woodman, R., Noumair, D. and Shani, A., 2013. Research in Organisational Change and Development. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. Roberts, G., 2014. Servant Leader Human Resource Management: A Moral and Spiritual Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Rothwell, W., Stavros, J., Sullivan, R. and Sullivan, A., 2009. Practicing Organisation Development: A Guide for Leading Change. 3rd ed. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Samson, D. and Bevington, T., 2012. Implementing Strategic Change: Managing Processes and Interfaces to Develop a Highly Productive Organisation. London: Kogan Publishers. Schabracq, M., 2009. Changing Organisational Culture: The Change Agents Guidebook. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. Wu, M., 2012. Managing Stakeholders: An Integrative Perspective on the Source of Competitive Advantage. Asian Social Science, 8(10), pp.160-172. Yaeger, T. and Sorensen, P., 2009. Strategic Organisation Development: Managing Change for Success. Charlotte: IAP Publishing. Yilmaz, B. and Gunel, O., 2009. The Importance of Strategic Stakeholder Management in Tourism Sector: Research on Probable Applications. TOURISMOS: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF TOURISM, 4(1), pp.97-108.

influenza virus essays

influenza virus essays Influenza virus is something most people get at least once in their lifetime. It is commonly known as  ¡the flu. ¡ It contains single stranded RNA. It attacks both human and animals. It reproduces in a lytic cycle. It is inhaled and comes in contact with cells of the upper air passage. It penetrates the cells that line these passages and reproduce. New viruses are released from the infected cells and infect other cells along the respiratory tract. It could also be carried away in exhaled air and infect other people. Influenza by itself is not usually a serious disease. But it can lower the body ¡s resistance, and leads to bronchitis and pneumonia especially for elder, innutrition, and people with lung or heart problems. The flu virus was first isolated from chickens in 1901, but it was recognized as so until 1955. The flu virus was also isolated from runny pig snouts in 1931. This virus became know as "swine flu." There are three main types of influenza simply named A, B, C. Influenza A is the most common was discovered in 1933. Influenza B was discovered in 1940 and influenza C in 1947. Variants of these basic types are named after the place it first strikes. For example, there is the Hong Kong (B), New Jersey (A), and Bangkok (A). Symptoms of the virus include a sore throat, fever, fatigue, coughing, aches, and loss of appetite. Influenza not only affects humans but they also infect other animals such as pigs and turkey. Not only that, but it easily crosses species. Thus, new viruses are probably created in pigs and waterfowl, like ducks and seagulls, and then later passed on to other creatures. For example, in 1980, the virus produced an epidemic in seals and caused conjunctivitis in humans who tried to help. The influenza virus can also last for hours in dried mucus. Viruses are usually roughly spherical and about 200nm in diameter. The envelope contains rigid "spikes" of haemagglutinin a ...

FUNDAMENTALS OF ECONOMICS Using diagrams, explain what happens to Coursework

FUNDAMENTALS OF ECONOMICS Using diagrams, explain what happens to PRICE and QUANTITY when Demand increases and Supply increases, and when Supply falls and Demand increases - Coursework Example The diagram below shows the supply and demand curve for good X and the equilibrium price and quantity. In diagram above, the quantity of supply and demand are equal at price 50. If the supply and demand curve won't move, the market price of Good X will not change. If the demand for good X will increase, the demand curve will shift to the right or will exhibit an outward shift. An increase in demand will cause a movement along the supply curve which will result to the rise of equilibrium quantity and price. With the new demand curve, supply and demand of good X equals to 5 at price 60. Price and quantity both increased. This means that an increase in the demand of good X made firms in the market to sell good X at a higher price. However, an increase in supply will show another different result. This is shown in Figure 3. With the new demand and supply curve, D2 and S2, the quantity of good X decreased to about 3.75 units while the price increased by about 78 units. This just proves the law of demand that as the price of good X increases, the quantity demanded decreases. There are a lot of reasons that can cause an increase in demand and supply. ... There are a lot of reasons that can cause an increase in demand and supply. Increase in demand can be caused by increase in the consumer's income or wealth, rise in the price of substitutes, fall in the interest rate, and fall in the price of complements. An increase in supply, on the other hand, can be caused by cheaper cost of production, government subsidies, improvement in production technology, and the entry of new suppliers to the market ("AS Markets and Market Systems"). On the other hand, a decrease in supply has a different effect. This is shown in the figure below. Figure 4. Decrease in supply 80 S 70 S2 60 Price of Good X 50 40 30 20 10 D1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Quantity of Good X If the demand curve will remain the same and the supply curve shifts downward, the price of good X will decrease to 40 units while the quantity of good X will increase to approximately 4.75. Again, this conforms to the law of demand. Decrease in the price of good X resulted to an increase in the demand for it. This means that more people will be willing to consume good X because of its lower price. However, the picture will not be the same if the demand curve increases and the supply curve decreases. This is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5. Decrease in supply and increase in demand 80 S1 70 S2 60 Price of Good X 50 40 30 20 D2 10 D1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Quantity of Good X As you can see, there is a decrease in supply and increase in demand. This resulted to a decrease in price form 50 to approximately 42 units and an increase in the quantity of

Service quality and customer's satisfaction in academic libraries Essay

Service quality and customer's satisfaction in academic libraries - Essay Example A real library contains these along with various instructional and access tools and a high quality customer service. In a library, the fundamental goal of a librarian is to make sure that the service provided is consistent with the mission of the institution of which library forms a part. Service quality of academic libraries: Past and present: Service quality of an academic library is a measure of the customer satisfaction and the extent to which customers feel that their expectations have meet met by the service given. Calculation and management of the customer satisfaction has remained a usual practice in for-profit sector for long. The assessment of service quality in the present age finds its roots in the same old trend of measurement of customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction has frequently undergone many changes in the last four decades as a concept. According to Crosby (1993), the contemporary concept of service quality is significantly influenced by all the approaches m ade to it in that past that include the 1960s’ corporate image studies and the 1980s’ total quality approach adopted by many economies in the West. The corporate image studies formed the very initial stage of calculation of customer satisfaction that emerged in the 1960s. The image surveys included questions about customer satisfaction and customers’ views about the quality of service given. These questions investigated the progressiveness and the company’s level of engagement with the community. In the later half of the 1960s, the commencement of studies about the product quality emerged as the second stage of customer satisfaction measurement. A satisfaction index resulted from the adequacy-importance model which served as the cardinal means of measurement of the customer satisfaction, and played an important role in defining the attitudes of the customers. A revolution in the customer satisfaction measurement occurred in the 1980s when the American aut omobile business increased manifolds in competition and many syndicated studies were made. The measurement of customer satisfaction in the contemporary age is quite similar to the trend introduced in the 1980s. The businesses turned to customer satisfaction as a measurement of their quality of service rather and the process of assessment became more intangible. The Gaps Model of Service Quality: Parasuraman, Berry and Zeithaml (1985) formed a research group to measure the customer satisfaction using the Gaps Model of Service Quality. The Gaps Model made a totally new approach to the measurement of customer satisfaction by determining the gaps between the expectations of customers and their views regarding the quality of service. In this model, customers establish their expectations, as well as the lowest quality of service that would be acceptable to them. Then once the service has been delivered, the customer explains how he thinks about the quality of service he/she was delivered. The equation, thus, goes as follows: Perceived service quality – expected service quality = gap in service quality. According to Hernon and Nitecki (2001), there are four basic perspectives that define the quality of service namely, excellence, value, compliance with specifications, and achievement of expectations. It is the fourth perspective

Extensional definition Essay Example for Free

Extensional definition Essay Success, a word that has a very subjective and ever changing definition. To many success is measured with the amount of cars one has or the size of ones house; to others success is just thriving with what is available. Although success has many different meanings across the world there is two that stick out; Thriving with what you have at your disposal, and being able to live comfortably and without any worries. If one was to ask a child that lives in California what is their definition of success; he/she would probably answer, success is having a lot of cars and a big house. This is generally what people in westernized countries define success as. But if you were to ask a child in a farming town in China what he/she would define success as. The answer would be, to make it through life with enough food and survive. This is what the definition of success use to be everywhere before there was so many amenities in life. The definition has changed drastically, and has evolved with the economy. Thriving with what you have at your disposal is what everyone does but some have much less than others and vise versa. This is one definition that has stuck with word throughout time; but is interpreted in many different ways. The other definition of success that sticks out is that success means being able to live comfortably and without any worries. A very close family friend has said this many times â€Å"Being a successful dentist has its perks, I don’t have to worry about anything besides my practice and it is a very comfortable lifestyle.† This gave me a new perspective on what the definition of success was at a young age. He unwittingly taught me that success is making life as comfortable and as worry free as possible. To do this one would think they need copious amounts of money to do this but that is wrong. Many people try to live outside of their means to make them look like they are successful but doing this they are actually doing more harm to their success than helping it. One does not need to make a six figure salary to have success. What one need is the right mind set, which is not to live outside of your means and everything you are not doing to better yourself is  harming your success in the long run. For example one does not need to take a loan out on a car, spend what you already have. doing this will instill upon you to not spend outside of what you have. Success, there are countless definitions for the word. The two that stand out are both subjective definitions, and they are completely different. Thriving with what you have at your disposal, and to be able to live comfortably and worry free. The definition of success changes with the economy and the living standards of the world. At the end success is what you make it.

Lennie And George :: essays research papers

Lennie and George: In what ways are they 'mates'? Is this a true friendship, as you understand friendship? George and Lennie are in every instance 'mates'. I suppose that some opposition comes from the book where George often says that Lennie is a nuisance, and he got stuck with him because of an auntie of Lennie's. In the novel you get an idea that this is an act, and he cares for Lennie because Lennie says, "'Cause you got me, George and I got you" and George agrees. George is a reasonably intelligent, hardworking ranchman. Lennie on the other hand always manages to find trouble. He is equally as hardworking and honest as George but his simple childlike mind always finds him trouble wherever he goes. However they have one thing that unites the two of them as close as any bond can. This is that they both share the same dream of owning their own ranch - and after many hard working years, moving from ranch to ranch, living in complete poverty and working for next to nothing they finally try to achieve this life long dream. To maintain a companion you must have things in common, you must be able to disagree with a sort of respectful understanding, and finally you must care legitimately about that person. Lennie and George's friendship meet and implement all the needed requirements for being friends. They are a textbook example of loyal friends. They, together, are like two old people living their life in companionship. Lennie gives George someone to talk to and someone to keep him on track. George gives Lennie insight on the world and someone that will respect him even though he isn't intelligent. They, more importantly, give each other something to live for. If Lennie didn't meet George he would of died soon after his aunt did, because he would either have got himself in a bind with no one to help him or he would of simply wondered off and died of loneliness. Although, no matter how much he tries, George cannot make up for the huge gap in Lennies mind. Lennie is so childish it is hard to believe, for example when he sees things he wants to grab and touch them. Throughout the book, the stress of Lennie's retardation begins to weigh down on George. Because of Lennie, they are nomads. Wherever they go, Lennie gets them in trouble.

How Does William Shakespeare Utilise the Genre of Tragedy

How does William Shakespeare utilise the genre of tragedy in the play, Macbeth. The utilisation of the genre tragedy in William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth is apparent through the actions that lead up to the tragic death of the plays hero. Other elements needed to classify a play as a tragedy are abnormal conditions of the mind and both inner and outer conflicts. The play consists of prophecies given to Macbeth, leading to the murder of innocents King Duncan, Banquo and Macduff’s family.Insanity takes a hold on Macbeth and his wife, as she kills herself. Macduff, not being born of a woman, slays Macbeth and restores the throne of Scotland to Malcolm. Through the plot, and other aspects of this play, Macbeth contains the correct standards for it to be classed as a tragedy. Macbeth can be classified as a tragedy, as it contains the death of a hero. The hero is Macbeth, an honourable man, loyal to the crown, before being corrupted by his wife, Lady Macbeth and the prophecie s brought onto him by three witches. Gentlemen rise; his highness is not well† (III, IV, LII), is stating that Macbeth is becoming mentally distorted and is losing his heroic traits, until he is killed in a duel, which brings harmony back into Scotland. Through the life and death of Macbeth, the use of the genre tragedy is apparent in the play. The genre tragedy is also evident in Macbeth by the progressively deteriorating mental conditions of the characters after the murder of King Duncan.This is shown through abnormal conditions of the mind, in which Lady Macbeth sleepwalks during Act 5 Scene 1, mindlessly rubbing her hands together, portraying the action of hand washing. â€Å"What, will these hands ne’er be clean? † (V, I, XLII) is a line in Macbeth which signifies the never-ending guilt that Lady Macbeth felt, which she had hoped would have been inexistent after the physical blood of Duncan had been washed from her hands.In the closing stages of the play, â €Å"By self and violent hands took off her life† (V, VII, XCIX) states Lady Macbeth commits suicide as the guilt was too much for her to bear, which is why Lady Macbeths death assists the play in being classed as a tragedy. The inner and outward conflict that is apparent in Macbeth is another reason that this play can be classed as a tragedy. The outward conflict consists of the ongoing vow of revenge by Macduff towards Macbeth for killing his beloved family. â€Å"Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff;Beware the Thane of Fife. Dismiss me. Enough. † (IV, I, LXXI) Stated by an apparition sent to Macbeth from the witches, this line in the play resulted in the assassination of Macduff’s family by Macbeth. Macduff escapes the same fate as he earlier fled to England in hope that he can join Malcolm’s mission to overthrow Macbeth. When told the shocking news about the death of his loved ones, Macduff claims â€Å"Bring thou this fiend of Scotland and mysel f; within my swords length set him; if he escapes, heaven forgive him too! † (IV, III, Line CCVVVIII).From the loss of his cherished family, Macduff becomes enraged, as his desire to slay Macbeth intensifies, in hope that vengeance will be served. The conflict between these two characters is a perfect example of Shakespeare’s utilisation of the tragedy genre. Inner conflict is evident in the play as Macbeth slowly loses his sanity, being faced with the consequences of his rash actions to assassinate Banquo. â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none: So, all hail, Macbeth and Banquo. † (Act 1, Scene 3, Line 67) In the first, Banquo is illustrated as being Macbeth’s close and loyal friend.Because of the prophecy that Banquo will also be the father of kings, Macbeth chooses to have him killed. The inner conflict is noticeable in the dining room, where Macbeth sees The Ghost of Banquo sitting in the seat designated for Macbeth. This supernatural element of the ghost coming back to haunt his murderer is the inner conflict Macbeth feels, in which he is made to come into the realisation and consequences of his actions. Through the remorse he carries with him till his death, the genre tragedy is enforced in the play Macbeth.In conclusion, William Shakespeare has utilised the genre tragedy in the play Macbeth in a number of ways. Some of these include the life and death of Macbeth, who was thought to have been a hero before corruption and abnormal conditions of the mind, like Lady Macbeth’s sleeping walking and suicide and Macbeth’s hallucinations of a Banquo coming back to haunt in. Inner and outer conflict are also present, in Macduffs longing for revenge on Macbeth for killing his family, and in the murder of Banquo, making Macbeth suffer for his immoral actions.

Helping Parents and Caregivers Fight Chilhood Obesity Essay

Helping Parents and Caregivers in the Fight Against Childhood Obesity Young children acquire their knowledge through direct instruction, modeling, and experiences within their environment (Lanigan, 2010, p. # 369). Children who are obese are known to have lower self-esteem, and a higher risk of becoming drinkers, smokers, and/or socially isolated as they mature. Health concerns such as Cardiovascular Disease; Gall Bladder problems; Hypertension; and Sleep Apnea have all been associated with childhood obesity (Robinson; Geier; Rizzolo; Sedrak, 2011). Teaching portion control, implementing a healthy balanced diet, and adding in daily physical activities can help parents and caregivers in the fight against childhood obesity. Portion control is something that has to be developed from within a person. By introducing and practicing the use of healthy eating habits early in life, parents and caregivers are increasing the opportunities for a child to learn behaviors that can help them to dev elop a healthy life style. This type of life style can in turn increase the child’s chances of reversing or even preventing obesity. Teaching children to recognize what it feels like in their bodies when they are hungry or what could be called their hunger signals, while encouraging them to eat their food more slowly, and persuading them to stop eating when they feel they have had enough, even though they may still have food left over, are all ways of promoting healthy eating habits in children. The practice and observation of these skills will benefit children in their journey to a healthy life. Creating a healthy balanced diet can be a challenge for families. The convenience of the fast food industry has increased the challenge for families. Most families have parents or caregivers who work long hours and have little down time, causing them to â€Å"grab† dinner verses preparing it as was once the norm. In a balanced diet, the recommendation of carbohydrates is 45% to 50% of the total daily calories, while fat intake is at 30% to 35% (Philippas; Lo, 2005). Focusing on the right fats and carbs are of extreme importance. Making choices with fruits, vegetables, legumes, and healthier poly- and  monounsaturated fats, verses saturated fats and refined carbohydrates like white bread, refined sugar, soft drinks, cakes and candies, can dramatically assist in the battle against childhood obesity. While portion control and a healthy balanced diet are essential in the fight against childhood obesity, the benefits of physical activity should not be ignored. Exercise is a key component in the treatment and prevention of obesity in children (Robinson; Geier; Rizzolo; Sedrak, 2011). Exercise will assist in weight loss as well as improve metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, and has been known to have led to the lowering of blood pressure, along with reducing in depression, anxiety, and improvement of self-esteem (Robinson; Geier; Rizzolo; Sedrak, 2011). The obesity epidemic is being blamed for the rise in serious diseases and disorders (Robinson; Geier; Rizzolo; Sedrak, 2011). With this information of the multiple health concerns that have been associated with childhood obesity, parents and caregivers must be armed with education and resources to fight against this disease. Teaching portion control, implementing a healthy balanced diet, and adding in daily physical activities can help parents and caregivers in the fight against the disease known as childhood obesity.

A Brief History of Womens Property Rights in the U.S.

A Brief History of Women's Property Rights in the U.S. Today, its easy to take for granted that women can take out a line of credit, apply for a home loan, or enjoy property rights. However, for centuries in the United States and Europe, this was not the case. A womans husband or another male relative controlled any property allotted to her. The gender divide concerning property rights was so widespread that it inspired Jane Austen novels such as Pride and Prejudice and, more recently, period dramas such as Downton Abbey. The plot lines of both works involve families made up solely of daughters. Because these young women cant inherit their fathers property, their future depends on finding a mate. Womens right to own property was a process that took place over time, starting in the 1700s. By the 20th century, women in the U.S. could be property owners, just as men were. Womens Property Rights During Colonial Times American colonies generally followed the same laws of their mother countries, usually England, France, or Spain. According to British law, husbands controlled womens property. Some colonies or states, however, gradually gave women limited property rights. In 1771, New York passed the Act to Confirm Certain Conveyances and Directing the Manner of Proving Deeds to Be Recorded, legislation gave a woman some say in what her husband did with their assets. This law required a married man to have his wifes signature on any deed to her property before he sold or transferred it. Moreover, it required that a judge meet privately with the wife to confirm her approval. Three years later, Maryland passed a similar law. It required a private interview between a judge and a married woman to confirm her approval of any trade or sale by her husband of her property. So, while a woman may not have technically been allowed to own property, she was allowed to prevent her husband from using hers in a way she found objectionable. This law was put to the test in the 1782 case Flannagans Lessee v. Young. It was used to invalidate a property transfer because no one had verified if the woman involved actually wanted the deal to go through. Massachusetts also took women into consideration regarding its property rights laws. In 1787, it passed a law allowing married women, in limited circumstances, to act as femme sole traders. This term refers to women who were allowed to conduct business on their own, especially when their husbands were out to sea or away from home for another reason. If such a man was a merchant, for example, his wife could make transactions during his absence to keep the coffers full. Progress During the 19th Century Its important to note that this review of womens property rights mostly means white women. Slavery was still practiced in the U.S. at this time, and enslaved Africans certainly did not have property rights; they were deemed property themselves. The government also trampled on the property rights of the indigenous men and women in the U.S. with broken treaties, forced relocations, and colonization generally. As the 1800s began, people of color did not have property rights in any meaningful sense of the word, though matters were improving for white women. In 1809, Connecticut passed a law permitting married women to execute wills, and various courts enforced provisions of prenuptial and marriage agreements. This allowed a man other than a womans husband to manage the assets she brought to the marriage in a trust. Although such arrangements still deprived women of agency, they likely prevented a man from exercising total control of his wifes property. In 1839, a Mississippi law passed giving white women very limited property rights, largely involving slavery. For the first time, they were allowed to own enslaved Africans, just as white men were. New York gave women the most extensive property rights, passing the Married Womens Property Act in 1848 and the Act Concerning the Rights and Liabilities of Husband and Wife in 1860. Both of these laws expanded the property rights of married women and became a model for other states throughout the century. Under this set of laws, women could conduct business on their own, have sole ownership of gifts they received, and file lawsuits. The Act Concerning the Rights and Liabilities of Husband and Wife also acknowledged mothers as joint guardians of their children along with fathers. This allowed married women to finally have legal authority over their own sons and daughters. By 1900, every state had given married women substantial control over their property. But women still faced gender bias when it came to financial matters. It would take until the 1970s before women were able to get credit cards. Before then, a woman still needed her husbands signature. The struggle for women to be financially independent of their husbands extended well into the 20th century.

Using the Spanish Verb Tocar

Using the Spanish Verb Tocar The core meaning of the Spanish verb tocar is to touch. In fact, both words come from the Latin verb toccare. Common Meaning of Tocar Probably the most common meaning of both tocar and touch is to refer to physical contact between things or persons. Some examples of the word used this way in Spanish: Tocà ³ los dedos de su esposa, flojos y calientes. (He touched his wifes weak and warm fingers.)Cuando el avià ³n tocà ³ tierra los pasajeros aplaudieron. (When the plane touched ground, the passengers applauded.)No tocaron el està ©reo. (They didnt touch the stereo.) This meaning is sometimes figurative: Los ciudadanos son ms pobres y aà ºn no han tocado fondo. (The citizens are poorer, and they still havent hit bottom.)Espera con paciencia su momento para tocar el cielo. (She is waiting patiently for her time to touch to the sky.) As with the English touch, tocar can be used as a euphemism to refer to sexual contact: Él me decà ­a que lo nuestro era platà ³nico, y no me tocaba. (He would tell me that our relationship was platonic, and he didnt touch me.)Desde nià ±a me tocaba, y el repulsivo me ofrecà ­a dinero para que me acostara con à ©l. (Since I was a girl he touched me, and the creep would offer me money to sleep with him.) Using Tocar With Indirect Objects When tocar is used with an indirect object, it can refer to the turn or responsibility of the person who is the indirect object. The exact translation depends on the context:  ¿A quià ©n le toca? (Whose turn is it? Whose job is it?)El mià ©rcoles de esa semana me toca trabajar. (On Wednesday of that week its my responsibility to work.)Nos toca pagar. (Its our turn to pay. Its up to us to pay.) The same can be done when tocar means to affect a person emotionally. In this way, tocar can behave much like the verb gustar. El blues es la mà ºsica que ms me toca el corazà ³n. (Blues is the music that most touches my heart. In this sentence, the direct object is el corazà ³n, while me is functioning as an indirect object.)La actriz digo que la realizacià ³n de este film le tocà ³ emocionalmente. (The actress said that the making of this film touched her emotionally.)Le tocaba el alma la cancià ³n de Navidad. (The Christmas song touched his soul.) Other Meanings of Tocar The other meaning of tocar that is extremely common in Spanish is to play a musical instrument or similar item. For example: La guitarra es uno de los instrumentos ms fciles de aprender a tocar. (The guitar is one of the easiest instruments to learn to play.)Voy a darme un baà ±o y luego tocarà © el piano. (Im going to take a bath and later Ill play the piano.)A la muerte de Susana, se tocaron las campanas de todas las iglesias. (When Susana died, they rang the bells of all the churches.) When referring to someones speaking or writing, tocar can mean to touch on. El presidente no tocà ³ el tema de Irak. (The president didnt touch on the subject of Iraq.)Los Monty Python tocaron todos los gà ©neros del humor. (Monty Python touches on all types of humor.) Tocar can be used so that its subject represents something that is given to someone: Le tocà ³ la loterà ­a. (He won the lottery.)Le ha tocado un tiempo muy difà ­cil. (He had been given a very rough time.) Tocar also is used in some set phrases or idioms: Por lo que a mà ­ me toca (as far as Im concerned) ¡Toca madera! (Touch wood!)Tocar de cerca (to have a close relationship with someone, or to be very familiar with a subject)Tocarle a alguien bailar con la ms fea (to be expected to do something very difficult or disagreeable) Conjugation of Tocar Tocar is conjugated irregularly in spelling but not pronunciation. The c is changed to qu when followed by the e. For example, the first-person preterite form is toquà © (meaning I touched), and the present subjunctive forms follow the pattern of toque, toques, toquemos, etc. Key Takeaways The Spanish verb tocar comes from the same source as the English verb touch and often has that meaning. Among many other meanings, it is also used for to play a musical instrument.When it means to be emotionally touching or to refer to taking turns, tocar is used with an indirect-object pronoun.Tocar is conjugated regularly in terms of pronunciation, but the c of the stem changes to qu when it comes before an e in conjugated forms.

No name Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

No name - Coursework Example 2. (a) In a closed economy, IS curve is the interest rate at which the commodity market is at equilibrium at a given income level. This can be expressed algebraically as Y = C + I + G, where Y is the equilibrium income is the level of consumption, I is the level of investment and G is the government expenditure. It is worth to note that consumption is a function of income while investment is a function of interest rate and government expenditure is a function of tax. Using the equation given above, Y = C + I + G, but C = 100 + 0.4(Y – T) and when this is substituted into the IS equation we obtain Y = 100 + 0.4(Y – T) + I + G, since I = 1000 + 0.1Y – 20i which when replaced to the equation gives Y = 100 + 0.4(Y – T) + 1000 + 0.1Y – 20i + G,note that T= 300 finally the value of G = 100 which when replaced into the equation yield Y = 100 + 0.4(Y – 300) + 1000 + 0.1Y – 20i + 100. When this equation is simplified to give the IS curve we obt ain 0.5Y = 1080-20i and the IS curve will be represented by the equation below; Y = 2160 – 40i. ... IS-LM curve can be attained where there is equilibrium in the commodity market and money market. Using the IS and LM equations and combining them we obtain i= 50 and Y = 160.This means that equilibrium income Y=160 and equilibrium interest rate i=50. This can graphically be represented as: I M i 50 L S 160 Y (b) When the G increases by 100, the IS-LM curve equilibrium Y = 170 while the i=55 and this represents an upward shift in the IS curve as shown below: Io I1 i M 55 50 L S1 S0 160 170 Y (c) When the real money supply reduce by 200, the i=51 while Y=122 and this represents an upward shift in the LM curve as shown below. i I I M1 M0 51 50 L1 L0 S 122 160 Y (a)In an open economy, IS curve can be derived by equating Y= C+I+G+X-M, this can be represented as Y = 100+0.8(1-t)Y + 700-50i+900+700-0.2Y: In simple expression the IS curve will be Y=4000-83i. On the other hand the LM curve will be expressed algebraically as Money Demand equals Money Supply and using the data provided this wil l be 0.25Y – 62.5i = 500. Hence Y= 2000+ 250i (b) The equilibrium income and interest rate in this case will be calculated by equating IS to LM which will be 2000 + 250i =4000-83i and Y= 498 and i= 6. Hence the governments surplus budget will be (X)700- (IM)99 = 600. (c) The equilibrium income Y = 498 therefore, the government expenditure should be increased by 4602 (d)The change in balance of trade will be export less import which is 600 and this is also a government surplus. This employment is sustainable since there is an extra demand for labor to be absorbed in the export sector and this also means that the extra export creates more employment opportunity. (e) The full

Organizational Behavior Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Behavior Analysis - Assignment Example Understanding and appreciating the organizational behaviour thus helps a manager in an organisation to understand the behaviour of others in the same organization. For example, in some organizations, the managers are directly responsible for the behaviour of some of the employees, such as their immediate subordinates. Some of the usual activities of managers include motivating the employees, designing the job roles properly, resolving any kind of conflict in the workplace, evaluating the performance of the employees and helping the employees to achieve the set goals and objectives. The managers can also make use of the knowledge that they have to understand, in a better way, the behaviour, needs, feelings and thus motivate and help employees in the decision making processes and other aspects (Griffin & Moorhead, 2011, p. 6). Therefore, in order to effectively analyze various behavioral components within an organization, the following features are analyzed and discussed in detail. Typ e of culture Organizational culture can be defined as a system of beliefs and shared values which tend to develop within the organization and thus guide the behavior of the members and employees. The importance of the organizational culture along with its contribution is well established. A sound organizational culture is one of the most critical factors that are required in order to determine the attitude for survival in the long run and also towards creating a brand image and it is said to have profound negative as well as positive implications. Organizations tend to contain both informal and formal groups where the formal groups form the structure of the organization by establishing job designs and work responsibilities. The behavior of the individual in the formal group is thus intended and predetermined for achieving the organizational goals. On the other hand, informal groups tend to be coalitions which are neither established within the organization nor structured officially (Loughran, 2007, p. 16). Cultures are broadly divided into various classifications but this paper deals primarily with three forms of culture that are Pluralism, Dualism and Salad Bowl. Cultural Pluralism is of two types: descriptive and participative; out of which the first type of cultural Pluralism is conceptualized as the co-existence of various cultures within the same society and only a little interaction tends to occur among the separate elements. Each of the elements thus concentrates on maintaining their own culture and language in order to imbibe its own heritage in the future generations. The form of cultural pluralism tends to assume that the society is culturally pluralistic, but, at the same time, the individuals are not pluralistic. Therefore, the descriptive form of cultural pluralism tends to imply the coexistence of religious, political, ethnic and racial groups which live together and allow each of the groups to maintain and function itself. Cultural pluralism is another perspective that can be conceptualized not just for the society but also for the individual members. In the second case of cultural pluralism it tends to carry out the description provided by Pratte, as â€Å"positive of hurrah connotation.† As cultural pluralis